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Repert. med. cir ; 30(1): 43-47, 2021. tab.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1284478

ABSTRACT

Introducción: los cristaloides son medicamentos usados en pacientes críticamente enfermos, con resultados ambiguos cuando se utilizan soluciones balanceadas versus solución salina normal. Objetivo: conocer si existen diferencias al usar solución salina 0.9% vs. lactato de Ringer en pacientes críticamente enfermos con sepsis y choque séptico o hipovolémico, en cuanto a mortalidad, lesión renal aguda y tiempo de estancia hospitalaria. Métodos: estudio observacional de tipo cohorte retrospectiva en mayores de 18 años con diagnóstico de sepsis, choque séptico o hipovolémico. Se excluyeron aquellos con enfermedad renal crónica en diálisis, las hospitalizadas por ginecología/obstetricia y aquellos con diagnóstico de muerte encefálica o donantes de órganos. Se evaluaron los desenlaces primarios de mortalidad, lesión renal aguda y estancia hospitalaria. Resultados y discusión: se incluyeron 314 pacientes, 158 en el grupo expuesto a solución salina al 0.9% y 156 con lactato de Ringer. Se presentó lesión renal aguda en 22.7% con solución salina y 25.8% con lactato de Ringer (OR 1.18 IC 95%:0.7-2). La mortalidad con solución salina fue de 49%, y en lactato 49% (OR 1.01 IC 95%:0.63-1.63). Los factores de riesgo identificados para mortalidad fueron uso de soporte vasopresor (OR 35 IC 95% 12-83) y lesión renal aguda (1.3 IC 95% 1.01-1.69). Conclusiones: en el paciente críticamente enfermo con sepsis, choque séptico o hipovolémico el uso desolución salina 0.9% no representa diferencias al compararlo con lactato de Ringer en cuanto a mortalidad, lesión renal aguda o estancia hospitalaria. La elección de un cristaloide debe ser individualizada, teniendo en cuenta las comorbilidades, la presencia de hipercloremia o hiperpotasemia.


Objective: crystalloids are drugs used in critically ill patients, with ambiguous results when balanced solutions versus normal saline solution (NS) are used. The objective of this study is to determine if there are differences when NS (0.9%) vs. lactated Ringer ́s (LR) solution are given to critically ill patients in sepsis or septic or hypovolemic shock, in terms of mortality, acute renal injury and length of hospital stay. Methods: a retrospective observational cohort study in patients over 18 years old with sepsis or septic or hypovolemic shock. Patients with chronic renal disease on dialysis, those hospitalized by gynecology/obstetrics and those diagnosed with brain death or organ donors were excluded. The primary mortality outcomes, acute renal injury and hospital stay were evaluated. Results: 314 patients were included, 158 in the NS group and 156 in the LR group. Acute renal injury occurred in 22.7% in the NS group and 25.8% in the LR group (OR 1.18 IC 95%:0.7-2). Mortality rate was 49% in the NS group and 49% in the LR group (OR 1.01 95%: CI 0.63-1.63). Mortality risk factors included the use of vasopressor support (OR 35 95% CI 12-83) and acute renal injury (1.3 95% CI 1.01-1.69). Conclusions: no difference was found with the use of NS in critically ill patients with sepsis or septic or hypovolemic shock when compared with LR in terms of mortality, acute renal injury or hospital stay. The choice of which crystalloid to administer should be individualized, based on the comorbidities and the presence of hyperchloremia or hyperkalemia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Shock/therapy , Sepsis/therapy , Ringer's Lactate/therapeutic use , Saline Solution/therapeutic use , Shock/mortality , Shock, Septic/mortality , Shock, Septic/therapy , Multivariate Analysis , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Sepsis/mortality , Acute Kidney Injury/chemically induced , Ringer's Lactate/adverse effects , Saline Solution/adverse effects , Length of Stay
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